Categories of Fasting
Shaykhul Islaam ibn Taymiyyah (may Allaah have mercy upon him) stated in Sharhul 'Umdah:
"As Sawm (Fasting) is (divided) into five categories:
1. As Sawm Al Mafrood bish Shar-'i (The obligated fast by way of the legislation) and it is fasting in the month of Ramadaan.
2. Making up the missed fast of Ramadaan.
3. As Sawm Al Waajib (The obligatory fast) in the matters of expiation.
4. As Sawm Al Waajib (The obligatory fast) in the vow that was made.
5. Sawm At Tatawwu' (The superogatory fast)
"As Sawm (Fasting) is (divided) into five categories:
1. As Sawm Al Mafrood bish Shar-'i (The obligated fast by way of the legislation) and it is fasting in the month of Ramadaan.
2. Making up the missed fast of Ramadaan.
3. As Sawm Al Waajib (The obligatory fast) in the matters of expiation.
4. As Sawm Al Waajib (The obligatory fast) in the vow that was made.
5. Sawm At Tatawwu' (The superogatory fast)
Source: Sharhul Umdah 1/26
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