The wives of the Prophet

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married the following women: 

1 – Khadeejah bint Khuwaylid (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

She was the first of his wives. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her when he was twenty-five years old, and he did not take another wife until after she died. All his children were born from her, except Ibraaheem. 

Al-Bukhaari entitled a chapter in his Saheeh: “The marriage of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to Khadeejah (may Allaah be pleased with her), and her virtues,” in which he narrated a hadeeth from ‘Aa’ishah who said: “I never felt jealous of any of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as I did of Khadeejah, although she died before he married me, because of what I heard him say about her.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3815. 

2 – Sawdah bint Zam’ah ibn Qays 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her in the tenth year of his Prophethood. Tabaqaat Ibn Sa’d, narrating from al-Waaqidi, 8/52-53; Ibn Katheer in al-Bidaayah wa’l-Nihaayah, 3/149 

3 – ‘Aa’ishah bint Abi Bakr al-Siddeeq (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her in Shawwaal of the tenth year of the Prophethood. Ibn Sa’d, 8/58-59. She herself said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married me when I was six years old, and consummated the marriage with me when I was nine.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3894; Muslim, 1422. Al-Bukhaari (5077) also narrated that the Messenger of Allaah (S) (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not marry any virgin apart form her. 

4 – Hafsah bint ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

It was narrated from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) that Hafsah’s husband Khunays ibn Hudhaafah, who was one of the companions of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and had been present at Badr, died in Madeenah. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab said: I met ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan and offered Hafsah to him in marriage. I said: If you wish, I will marry Hafsah bint ‘Umar to you. He said: I will think about it. Several nights passed, then he said: I think that I do not want to get married at this time. ‘Umar said: Then I met Abu Bakr and I said: If you wish, I will marry Hafsah bint ‘Umar to you. Abu Bakr kept quiet and did not give me any response. I was more upset about him than about ‘Uthmaan. Several nights passed, then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) proposed to her and I married her to him. Then Abu Bakr met me and said: Perhaps you felt upset when you offered Hafsah in marriage to me and I did not reply? I said: Yes. He said: Nothing prevented me from responding to your offer but the fact that I knew that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had mentioned her, and I did not want to disclose the secret of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). If he had decided not to marry her, I would have accepted your offer.

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 4005. 

5 – Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her in Ramadaan, thirty-one months after the Hijrah. Tabaqaat Ibn Sa’d, 8/115 

6 – Umm Salamah bint Abi Umayyah (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

Muslim (918) narrated that Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “There is no person who is faced with a calamity and says Inna Lillaahi wa inna ilayhi raaji’oon, Allaahumma ujurni fi museebati w'ukhluf li khayran minha (Truly, to Allaah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return; O Allaah, reward me in this calamity and compensate me with something better than it) but Allaah will reward him in his calamity and will compensate him with something better than that.” She said: When Abu Salamah died, I said what the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had commanded me, and Allaah compensated me with someone better than him: the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). 

According to another report: when Abu Salamah died, I said: Who is better than Abu Salamah, the companion of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)? But Allaah decreed that I should say it. Then I got married to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). 

7 – Juwayriyah bint al-Haarith (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

She fell prisoner to the Muslims during the battle of Banu’l-Mustalaq, and she came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to ask him to help her to manumit herself and buy her freedom. He offered to buy her freedom and marry her, and she accepted. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her and made her manumission her dowry. When the people came to know of that, they set free their own prisoners, so as to honour the in-laws of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). No woman brought a greater blessing to her people than she did. Narrated by Ibn Ishaaq with a hasan isnaad. Seerat Ibn Hishaam, 3/408-409. 

8 – Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

Concerning her Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning): 

“So when Zayd had accomplished his desire from her (i.e. divorced her), We gave her to you in marriage, so that (in future) there may be no difficulty to the believers in respect of (the marriage of) the wives of their adopted sons when the latter have no desire to keep them (i.e. they have divorced them)”

[al-Ahzaab 33:37] 

She used to boast about this to the other wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), saying: “Your families arranged your marriages but Allaah arranged my marriage from above the seven heavens.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 7420. 

9 – Umm Habeebah bint Abi Sufyaan (may Allaah be pleased with her): 

Abu Dawood (2107) narrated from ‘Urwah from Umm Habeebah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that she was married to ‘Ubayd-Allaah ibn Jahsh, who died in Abyssinia. Then the Negus married her to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and gave her a mahr of four thousand on his behalf, and sent her to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) with Shurahbeel ibn Hasanah. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani. 

10- Maymoonah bint al-Haarith (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married Maymoonah when he was in ihraam. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1832; Muslim, 1410. 

The words “when he was in ihraam” are a mistake. In fact the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) married her after he exited ihraam following ‘Umrat al-Qada’. 

See Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/113; Fath al-Baari, hadeeth no. 5114. 

11 – Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab (may Allaah be pleased with her) 

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) set her free and married her after the battle of Khaybar. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 371. 

These are the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) with whom he consummated marriage. Two of them died during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), namely Khadeejah and Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (may Allaah be pleased with them both). The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) left behind nine wives when he died; there is no difference of scholarly opinion on this matter. 

See Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/105-114 

It was said that Rayhaanah bint ‘Amr al-Nadariyyah (or al-Quraziyyah) was also one of his wives. She was taken prisoner during the battle of Bani Qurayzah, and the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) chose her for himself and married her, then he divorced her then took her back. Tabaqaat Ibn Sa’d , narrating from al-Waaqidi, 8/130 

And it was said that she was a concubine. This was regarded as more likely by Ibn al-Qayyim in Zaad al-Ma’aad.

Sukayna bint al-Husayn ibn 'Ali

Sukayna bint al-Husayn ibn 'Ali

Her mother was ar-Rabab bint Imru'l-Qays. She married Mus'ab ibn az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam and bore him Fatima. Then he was killed and she married 'Abdullah ibn Uthman and bore him 'Uthman, Hakim and Rubayha. Then he died and she married Zayd ibn 'Amr. Then he died and she married Ibrahim ibn 'Abdu´r-Rahman az-Zuhri. She acted as her own guardian and he married her and she was with him for three months. Then Hisham ibn 'Abdu'l-Malik wrote to his govemor in Madina to separate them. He separated them. One of the people of knowledge said, "Zayd ibn 'Amr died and she married al-Asbagh ibn 'Abdul-Aziz."

It is related that Sukayna bint al-Husayn died while Khalid ibn 'Abdullah was in charge of Madina. He said, "Wait for me so that I can pray over her." He went out to al-Baqi' and did not enter until Dhuhr. They feared that he had changed his mind and so they bought her camphor for 30 dinars. When he entered, he ordered Shayba ibn Nassah to pray over her.

Source: The Women of Madina, Muhammad ibn Sa'd, pg 307.

Original:

سكينة بنت الحسين بن علي

( الأديبة الكريمة )

نسبها

سكينة بنت الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب بن عبد المطلب ، وأمها الرباب بنت امرئ القيس بن عدي بن أوس بن جابر بن كعب بن عليم بن هبل بن عبد الله بن كنانة بن بكر بن عوف بن عذرة بن زيد اللات بن رفيدة بن ثور بن كلب ، ولم يمض وقت طويل حتى توفيت الرباب ، وعاشت سكينة بعدها في كنف أخيها زين العابدين . وُلدت سنة سبع وأربعين من الهجرة وسُمِّيت ( آمنة ) على اسم جدتها آمنة بنت وهب ، ولقبتها أمها الرباب ( سُكَيْنَة ) ، واشتهرت بهذا الاسم . وكانت قد خُطبت من قبل إلى ابن عمها عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي فقُتل بالطائف قبل أن يبني بها ، فكانت سكينة ترفض الزواج بعد هذه الأحداث ، ولما جاء مصعب بن الزبير يريد الزواج منها تزوجته ، وكان شجاعاً جواداً ذا مال ومروءة حتى قِيلَ فيه : لو أنَّ مصعب بن الزبير وجد أنَّ الماء ينقص من مروءته ما شربه . وانتقلت سكينة إلى بيت مصعب وكان متزوجاً من عائشة بنت طلحة ، فولدت له : ( فاطمة ) وظلت سكينة تُسعد زوجها ، ولكن أين تذهب من قدرها المحتوم ، فسرعان ما قُتِلَ مصعب عنها ، فخلف عليها عبد الله بن عثمان بن عبد الله بن حكيم بن حزام بن خويلف بن أسد بن عبد العزى بن قصي ، فولدت له : عثمان الذي يقال له ( قرين ) ، وحكيماً ، وربيحة ، فهلك عنها ، فخلف عليها زيد بن عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان فهلك عنها ، فخلف عليها إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف الزهري كانت ولته نفسها فتزوجها فأقامت معه ثلاثة أشهر فكتب هشام بن عبد الملك إلى واليه بالمدينة أن فرق بينهما ففرق بينهما ، وقال بعض أهل العلم : هلك عنها زيد بن عمرو بن عثمان وتزوجها الأصبغ بن عبد العزيز بن مروان .

أهم ملاهح شخصيتها

في الثلث الأخير من حياتها اشتغلت بتعليم المسلمين ، حيث شربت من بيت النبوة أفضل الأخلاق فوُصِفَتْ بالكرم والجود ، وأحبت سماع الشعر فكان لها في ميادين العلم والفقه والمعرفة والأدب شأن كبير .

موقفها يوم مقتل زوجها

جاء أهل الكوفة يعزُّونها في مقتل زوجها ، فقالت لهم : اللَّه يعلم أني أبغضكم ، قتلتم جدّي عليَّاً ، وقتلتم أبي الحسين ، وزوجي مصعباً فبأي وجه تلقونني ؟ يتَّمتُمُوني صغيرة ، وأرملتُمُوني كبيرة .

موقفها يوم مقتل أبيها

وخرجت مع أبيها الحسين بن علي رضي الله عنهما إلى العراق ، وعمرها آنذاك أربعة عشر عاماً ، وعلى بُعد ثلاثة أميال من كربلاء ظهر جيش عدده ألف مقاتل أمر بتجهيزه عبيد اللَّه بن زياد بأمر من يزيد بن معاوية ، وكان الحسين قد خرج متوجهاً إلى العراق في ركب قليل كانت معه ابنته ، فجمع أهله وقال لهم : يا أم كلثوم وأنت يا زينب وأنت يا سكينة وأنت يا فاطمة وأنت يا رباب ، إذا أنا قُتلتُ ، فلا تشق إحداكنّ عليّ جيباً ، ولا تخمش وجهاً، ولا تَقُلْ هجراً ( أي لا تقول كلاماً قبيحاً ) . فلما سمعت سكينة هذا الكلام أخذها البكاء ، وأخذت دموعها تتساقط وهي الفتاة الرقيقة ذات الحس المرهف ، التي لم تبلغ من العمر العشرين ، ولكن معرفتها بأن مصير المجاهد الشهيد الجنة ، كانت تخفف عنها الحزن وتلهمها الصبر، ولمّا اشتد القتال بين قافلة الحسين التي تجاوزت السبعين بقليل ، وبين ذلك الجيش الذي أرسله يزيد بن معاوية حيث كان عدده في بداية الأمر ألف رجل سرعان ما طوق الجيش قافلة الحسين وفتك بها ، وفي ذهولٍ وقفت سكينة تنظر إلى البقايا والأشلاء ، ثم ألقت بنفسها على ما بقي من جسد أبيها ، وفيه ثلاث وثلاثون طعنة وأربع وثلاثون ضربة ، وعانقته ، ولكنهم انتزعوها من على جسد أبيها بالقوة ، وألحقوها بركب السبايا ، فألقت سكينة نظرة أخيرة على ساحة القتال المملوءة بجثث الشهداء . ودارت الأيام ، وعادت سكينة إلى الحجاز حيث أقامت مع أمها رباب في المدينة .

سكينة الأدبية

كانت سكينة في صغرها تنال من اهتمام والدها الكثير لأنها كانت بالنسبة له مبعث الأنس حيث وُصفت بالوسامة والمرح ... وقد عاتبه البعض في فطر اهتمامه بسكينة وأمها - الرباب – وإسرافه في الأنس بهما فقال :

لعمرى إنتى لأحـــــــب داراً *** تضيفها سكينة والربــاب

أحبهـما وابذل بعد مالـــــــى ***وليس للأئمى فيها عتـــاب

ولست لهم وإن عتبوا مطيعاً *** حياتى ، أو يغيبنى التراب

وإذا كان الحسين شاعراً فإن سكينة شربت منه من هذا المنهل الأدبي فكانت تحب الشعراء ويجتمع لديها الأدباء ، فقد عُرفت بعلمها وأدبها وحبها للشعراء ومناظرتها للشعراء ... وكان المختلفون من أهل الأدب يحتكمون إليها لأنها صاحبة حكمة وقائمة دليل وواسعة الإطلاع حيث نشأت في بيت النبوة وترعرعت في أحضان الحسين فشربت الإيمان والخلق من المنهل الأول ونهلت البلاغة من الثاني .

خرج الفرزدق حاجاً فلما قضى حجه عدل إلى المدينة فدخل إلى سكينة بنت الحسين فسّلم ، فقالت له : يا فرزدق من أشعر الناس؟ قال : أنا . قالت : كذبت : أشعر الناس منك جرير الذي قال :

بنفسى من تجنيه عزيـــــز *** على ومن زيارته لمــــام

ومن أمسى واصبح لا أراه *** ويطرقنى إذا هجع النيـام

فقال: والله لو اذنت لاسمعتك أحسن منه . قالت : اقيموه فاخرج ثم عاد إليها من الغد فدخل عليها . فقالت : يا فرزدق من أشعر الناس ؟ قال : أنا . قالت : كذبت صاحبك جرير أشعر منك حيث قال :

لولا الحياء لعادنى استعبار*** ولزرت قبرك والحبيب يزار

لا يلبث القرناء أن يتفرقوا *** ليـــل يكر عليهموا ونهــــار

وعاشت سكينة في مكة ترقب بعين الثاقب للأمور الأدبية والمجالس والندوات الفكرية ، وكان لكل ذلك أثره البالغ في ثقل حياتها الأدبية ، ولعلنا لا ننسى أن نذكر أن سكينة عاصرت في أرض الحجاز مع أهلها الأحداث الجسام التاريخية والأدبية بكل ما حملت من هموم وأحزان .

وفاتها

تُوفيت سُكينة سنة 117هـ ، بالمدينة لخمس خلون من ربيع الأول في خلافة هشام بن عبد الملك بعد أن تجاوزتْ الثمانين من عمرها . أخبرنا أبو السائب الكلبي أخبرني خلف الزهري قال : ماتت سكينة بنت الحسين بن علي وعلى المدينة خالد بن عبد الله بن الحارث بن الحكم ، فقال : انتظروني حتى أصلي عليها ، وخرج إلى البقيع فلم يدخل حتى الظهر وخشوا أن تغير فاشتروا لها كافوراً بثلاثين ديناراً ، فلما دخل أمر شيبة بن نصاح فصلى عليها .

المرجع

الطبقات الكبرى - محمد بن سعد بن منيع

Friday is called Al-Jumu`ah

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

الحمد الله ربَّ العالمين، وصلى الله وسلم على نبيه محمد و على آله وسلم تسليمًا كثيرًا مزيدًا.
أما بعد

Friday is called Al-Jumu`ah because it is derived from Al-Jam`, literally, gathering. The people of Islam gather weekly, on every Friday in the major places of worship. It was during Friday when Allah finished the creation, the sixth day, during which Allah created the heavens and earth. During Friday, Allah created Adam, and he was placed in Paradise, and ironically, it was a Friday when he was taken out of Paradise. It will be on a Friday when the Last Hour will commence. There is an hour during Friday, wherein no faithful servant asks Allah for something good, but Allah will give him what he asked for. All of this is based upon Hadiths in the authentic collections. In the ancient language Friday was called, `Arubah. It is a fact that previous nations were informed about Friday, but they were led astray from it. The Jews chose Saturday for their holy day, but Adam was not created on Saturday. The Christians chose Sunday, which is the day the creation was initiated. Allah chose Friday for this Ummah, because it is the day the creation was finished .Al-Bukhãri and Muslim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

«نَحْنُ الْاخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لَهُ، فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ، الْيَهُودُ غَدًا وَالنَّصَارَى بَعْدَ غَدٍ»

(We are the last (to come) but the first on the Day of Resurrection, though the former nations were given the Scriptures before us. And this was their day (Friday) the celebration of which was made compulsory for them, but they differed about it. So, Allah gave us guidance to it, and all other people are coming after us: the Jews tomorrow and the Christians the day after tomorrow.''

This is the wording of Al-Bukhãri in another narration of Muslim;

«أَضَلَّ اللهُ عَنِ الْجُمُعَةِ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَنَا، فَكَانَ لِلْيَهُودِ يَوْمُ السَّبْتِ، وَكَانَ لِلنَّصَارَى يَوْمُ الْأَحَدِ، فَجَاءَ اللهُ بِنَا فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَجَعَلَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَالسَّبْتَ وَالْأَحَدَ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُمْ تَبَعٌ لَنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ نَحْنُ الْاخِرُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا، وَالْأَوَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الْمَقْضِيُّ بَيْنَهُمْ قَبْلَ الْخَلَائِقِ»

(Allah diverted those who were before us from Friday. For the Jews there was Saturday, and for the Christians there was Sunday. Allah then brought us and guided us to Friday. He made them; Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and it is in this order they will come after us on the Day of Resurrection. We are the last of among the people of this world and the first among the created to be judged on the Day of Resurrection.)

Taken from Surah al-Juma'ah Ibn Kathir

The Last of The Companions to Die

Shaikh Uthaimeen, may Allaah have mercy on him said, “The last of all of the Companions to die was ’Aamir ibn Waathilah al-Laithi in the year 110 AH.  The last of them to die in Medinah was Mahmood ibn ar-Rabi’ in 99 AH.  In Damascus, Syria, the last of them to die was Waathilah ibn al-Asqa’ in 86 AH.  The last of them to pass away in Basrah was Anas ibn Maalik in 93 AH.  In Homs it was ’Abdullaah ibn Busr al-Maazini in 98 AH; in Kufah, ’Abdullaah ibn Abi Awfaa al-Aslami in 87 AH and the last of them to pass away in Egypt was ’Abdullaah ibn al-Haarith in 89 AH.” [May Allaah be pleased with them all]

Mustalah al-Hadith, p. 55.