Wisdom behind Prophet Muhammad’s practice of polygyny

Wisdom behind Prophet 

Muhammad’s practice of polygyny

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married to several wives following his migration toAl-Madinah.His practice of polygyny was not something novel, as polygyny was widely practiced by all people and nations. Some societies allowed unlimited number of wives until some men had more than seven hundred wives, not including slave women. Some Arabs were reported to have taken in marriage more than ten wives. WhenGhaylan ibn Salamah Al-Thaqafyembraced Islam, he was married to ten wives. The Prophet (peace be upon him) instructed him, saying:  Choose four of them (and divorce the rest).
( الجزء رقم : 25، الصفحة رقم: 195)

Polygamy was also practiced by the ancient Greeks in Athens, China, Babylonia, Assyria, ancient Egypt, and the Jews were also polygamous. ProphetSulayman(Solomon, peace be upon him) had seven hundred free women as wives and three hundred slave women.Al-Bukhari relatedin his Sahih (authentic) Book of Hadith:  Sulayman (the son of) Dawud (David) said, ‘Tonight I will go to a hundred women, each of whom will give birth to a boy who will fight in the Cause of Allah.’ The Angel said to him, ‘Say: In sha’a-Allah (If it be the Will of Allah).’ But he did not say so, as he forgot. He went to them but none of them gave birth, apart from one woman who gave birth to half a child. The Prophet (peace be upon him) further said, ‘Had he said: In sha’a-Allah, he would not have broken his oath and he would have had more hope of fulfilling his wish.’ The Christian church also permitted polygyny and did not object to it.

The Prophet’s marriage to nine wives at the same time was merely an implementation of Divine Instructions and Wisdom. Allah (Exalted be He) states:

Stating the fact that it is Allah Who made it lawful for His Messenger to marry several wives, He revealed:

Allah then limited the number of the Messenger’s wives to nine, all of whom he was forbidden to divorce. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) states:

( الجزء رقم : 25، الصفحة رقم: 196)
Therefore, the marriages of the Prophet (peace be upon him) were all necessitated by Divine Command. It is not permissible to compare other cases with that of the Prophet (peace be upon him). This matter was restricted to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) alone. None among the Muslim Ummah (nation) is permitted to marry beyond four women under the pretext that the Prophet (peace be upon him) married nine women.

Those who criticize the Prophet of Islam and brand Muslims as lustful are in manifest error. Worse still, we find Muslims who level blasphemous charges at the Prophet (peace be upon him) and take the subject of his marriages in jest. Had true faith entered their hearts, they would not have allowed such thoughts to occupy their minds. Had they carefully examined the circumstances that surrounded each marriage, they would have thought otherwise. The Prophet (peace be upon him) contracted marriages either to protect and support a widowed woman, or bring comfort to the families whose hearts were broken by the death of their beloved father, or to cement the bonds of love with the clan of his wives, or to honor a free woman who fulfilled Allah’s Command and went against the traditions of her society by marrying a slave rather than a master seeking the Good Pleasure of Allah.

Had the Prophet (peace be upon him) been lustful, he would have opted to marry when he was in his prime youth, a period when desire for sexual gratification is at its peak. However, he married several wives only after he had grown into old age, when his desire for women had weakened. At the young age of twenty-five, he was married to only one wife,Khadijah bint Khuwaylid(may Allah be pleased with her), who was fifteen years older than him. She was forty while he was only twenty-five. He remained with her until she died.
It should also be noted that all the women whom he (peace be upon him) married had been married previously, except`Aishah(may Allah be pleased with her) The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) were:

1-Sawdah bint Zam‘ah ibn Qays Al-Qurashiyyah(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) got married to her following the death of her husband,Al-Sakran ibn ‘Amr ibn ‘Abd Shams.This took place after the death of his wife,Khadijah bint Khuwaylid,inMakkahand before his migration toAl-Madinah.
( الجزء رقم : 25، الصفحة رقم: 197)
When she grew old, she gave up her day and night to‘Aishah(may Allah be pleased with her).

2-‘Aishah bint Al-Siddiq(may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet (peace be upon him) contracted marriage with her beforeSawdah.However, he did not consummate marriage with her until after its consummation withSawdah.Among all his wives ‘Aishah was the only virgin whom the Prophet (peace be upon him) married. His marriage to ‘Aishah was meant to strengthen the bonds of kinship withAbu Bakr Al-Siddiq,the first man to embrace Islam and to support and believe in every word the Prophet (peace be upon him) uttered. He also sacrificed all his wealth for the sake of Allah.

3-Hafsah bint ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took her in marriage although she was a previously married woman who lacked feminine charm. The Prophet (peace be upon him) married her because of the close relationship he had with her father.

4-Um Salamah Hind bint Suhayl Al-Makhzumiyyah(may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet (peace be upon him) married her following the death of her husband,Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abdul-Asad.His intention was to support her children. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) proposed to marry her, she said: "A woman like me is not suitable for marriage. I have become a barren woman, and I am jealous and have children." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied:  I am older than you; as for jealousy, Allah will remove it, and as for children Allah and His Messenger are responsible for them. The Prophet (peace be upon him) then married her.

5-Zaynab bint Jahsh(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married her after she was divorced by her husbandZayd ibn Harithah,the freed slave (and adopted son) of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) was rewarding her compliance with Allah’s Command. It was through this marriage that Allah established the permissibility of marrying the wife of one’s adopted son, a matter which was difficult for the community at that time to undertake. Allah (Exalted be He) states:

6-Um Habibah bint Abu Sufyan(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married her after her husband,`Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh,apostatized from Islam. She stayed away from him until he died.
( الجزء رقم : 25، الصفحة رقم: 198)
She was in her thirties when the Prophet (peace be upon him) married her. He contracted the marriage while she was inAbyssinia(Ethiopia), The Prophet (peace be upon him) authorizedAl-Najashyto conclude the marriage contract. Her authorizer wasKhalid ibn Sa‘id ibn Al-‘As.Al-Najashygave her four hundred Dinars as Sadaq (mandatory gift to a bride from the groom). This took place in the seventh year of Hijrah (the Prophet’s migration to Madinah).

7-Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married her after her husbandMusani‘ ibn Safwanwas killed on the Battle ofAl-Muraysi‘.The Prophet (peace be upon him) intended to honor her people by this marriage relationship with them, especially after they had been taken as war captives in the Battle ofBanu Al-Mustaliq.

8-Safiyyah bint Huyay ibn Akhtab(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married her to bring solace to her broken heart following the murder of her father, paternal uncle and husband.
9-Maymunah bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyyah(may Allah be pleased with her): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married her following the death of her husband,Abu Rahm ibn `Abdul-`Uzza Al-`Amiry.This marriage took place in the seventh year of Hijrah. She (may Allah be pleased with her) was approaching forty by that time.

Source: Islamic Research Journal